Degenerative disc disease is misnomer, because it’s not
really a disease. It is a term that refers to the normal changes in the spine
as we age. In particular, it refers to the deterioration of our spinal discs,
which are the soft, cushiony discs between our bony vertebrae.
Spinal discs are like shock absorbers, in that they separate
the bones and allow the spine to bend, twist, and flex. Degenerative disc
disease usually occurs in the lumbar region of the spine (lower back) and the
cervical region (neck). It results in
1) The
breakdown of cartilage, also known as osteoarthritis
2) The
bulging of discs, also known as disc herniation, and
3) The
narrowing of the spinal canal, also known as spinal stenosis.
These conditions can lead to pain and nerve problems, due to
pressure on the nerves and spinal cord.
The cause of degenerative disc disease is aging. Aging leads
to a loss of fluid in the discs, making them more brittle and less flexible.
They also become thinner, which brings the vertebrae closer together. In
addition, small cracks or tears in the discs may cause leakage of the jellylike
material inside. This causes bulging, breaking, or fragmenting of the discs.
Degenerative disc disease does not affect everyone the same
way and at the same rate. It is usually worse among smokers and those who do
heavy physical labor that taxes the spine. People who are overweight and obese
tend to have worse symptoms as well. A sudden injury can also initiate the
process of deterioration.
When the discs between the vertebrae get thinner, there is
less cushion for the spine and it loses stability. In response, the body
generates bone spurs, also known as osteophytes, which can cause pain due to
pressure on the spinal nerves. The pain may be felt in the back or the neck,
depending on the person and the location of the degeneration. Discs that are
affected in the neck region can lead to pain in the arms or neck, while
affected discs in the lumbar or lower region can lead to leg, back, or buttock
pain.
Your chiropractor in Salt Lake City can diagnose degenerative disc
disease through the use of a physical examination and a medical history. He or
she will look for areas of tenderness, range of motion, pain, numbness,
reflexes, and any additional conditions such as fractures or infections.
Imaging tests are not particularly useful for degenerative disc disease.
Treatment usually includes ice or heat, anti-inflammatory medications, and
rest. Stretches and physical therapy are often recommended. In severe cases,
surgery may be recommended to remove the damaged disc(s).
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